QTP REAL TIME INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What are the Features & Benefits of Quick Test Pro(QTP)..?

1. Key word driven testing 
2. Suitable for both client server and web based application 
3. VB script as the script language 
4. Better error handling mechanism 
5. Excellent data driven testing features

2. How to handle the exceptions using recovery scenario manager in QTP?

You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occurred in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps 
1. Triggered Events 
2. Recovery steps 
3. Post Recovery Test-Run

3. How to handle the exceptions using recovery scenario manager in QTP?

You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occurred in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps: 
1. Triggered Events 
2. Recovery steps 
3. Post Recovery Test-Run

3. What is the use of Text output value in QTP?

Output values enable to view the values that the application talks during run time. When parameterized, the values change for every iteration. Thus by creating output values, we can capture the values that the application takes for each run and output them to the data table.

4. How to use the Object spy in QTP?

There are two ways to Spy the objects in QTP 
1) Thru file toolbar 
---In the File Tool Bar click on the last toolbar button (an icon showing a person with hat). 
2) Thru Object repository Dialog 
---In Object repository dialog click on the button “object spy...” 
In the Object spy Dialog click on the button showing hand symbol. 
The pointer now changes in to a hand symbol and we have to point out the object to spy the state of the object 
If at all the object is not visible or window is minimized then Hold the Ctrl button and activate the required window to and release the Ctrl button.

5. What is the file extension of the code file & object repository file in QTP?

File extension of 
-- Per test object rep: - filename.mtr 
-- Shared Object rep: - filename.tsr 
-- Codes file extension id: - script.mts

6. Explain the concept of object repository & how QTP recognizes objects?

Object Repository: displays a tree of all objects in the current component or in the current action or entire test (depending on the object repository mode you selected). 
We can view or modify the test object description of any test object in the repository or to add new objects to the repository.
Quick test learns the default property values and determines in which test object class it fits. If it is not enough it adds assistive properties, one by one to the description until it has compiled the unique description. If no assistive properties are available, then it adds a special Ordinal identifier such as objects location on the page or in the source code.

7. What are the properties you would use for identifying a browser & page when using descriptive programming?

"Name" would be another property apart from "title" that we can use. 
OR 
We can also use the property "micClass". 
Ex: Browser("micClass:=browser").page("micClass:=page")....

8. What are the different scripting languages you could use when working with QTP?

Visual Basic (VB), XML, JavaScript, Java, HTML

9 Give example where you have used a COM interface in your QTP project?

COM interface appears in the scenario of front end and back end. for eg:if you r using oracle as back end and front end as VB or any language then for better compatibility we will go for an interface. of which COM will be one among those interfaces. Create object creates handle to the instance of the specified object so that we program can use the methods on the specified object. It is used for implementing Automation(as defined by Microsoft).

10. Few basic questions on commonly used Excel VBA functions.

Common functions are: 
Coloring the cell 
Auto fit cell 
Setting navigation from link in one cell to other 
Saving

11. Explain the keyword create object with an example.

Creates and returns a reference to an Automation object 
Syntax: CreateObject(servername.typename [, location]) 
Arguments 
SERVERNAME: Required. The name of the application providing the object 
TYPENAME: Required. The type or class of the object to create 
LOCATION: Optional. The name of the network server where the object is to be created

12. Explain in brief about the QTP Automation Object Model.

Essentially all configuration and run functionality provided via the QTP interface is in some way represented in the QTP automation object model via objects, methods, and properties. Although a one-on-one comparison cannot always be made, most dialog boxes in QTP have a corresponding automation object, most options in dialog boxes can be set and/or retrieved using the corresponding object property, and most menu commands and other operations have corresponding automation methods. You can use the objects, methods, and properties exposed by the QTP automation object model, along with standard programming elements such as loops and conditional statements to design your program.

13. How to handle dynamic objects in QTP?

QTP has a unique feature called Smart Object Identification/recognition. QTP generally identifies an object by matching its test object and run time object properties. QTP may fail to recognize the dynamic objects whose properties change during run time. Hence it has an option of enabling Smart Identification, wherein it can identify the objects even if their properties changes during run time. 
Check this out- 
If QuickTest is unable to find any object that matches the recorded object description, or if it finds more than one object that fits the description, then QuickTest ignores the recorded description, and uses the Smart Identification mechanism to try to identify the object. 
While the Smart Identification mechanism is more complex, it is more flexible, and thus, if configured logically, a Smart Identification definition can probably help QuickTest identify an object, if it is present, even when the recorded description fails. 
The Smart Identification mechanism uses two types of properties: 
Base filter properties—the most fundamental properties of a particular test object class; those whose values cannot be changed without changing the essence of the original object. For example, if a Web link's tag was changed from to any other value; you could no longer call it the same object. Optional filter properties—other properties that can help identify objects of a particular class as they are unlikely to change on a regular basis, but which can be ignored if they are no longer applicable.

14. What is a Run-Time Data Table? Where can I find and view this table?

In QTP, there is data table used, which is used at runtime. 
-In QTP, select the option View->Data table. 
-This is basically an excel file, which is stored in the folder of the test created, its name is Default.xls by default.

15. How does Parameterization and Data-Driving relate to each other in QTP?

To data drive we have to parameterize i.e. we have to make the constant value as parameter, so that in each iteration (cycle) it takes a value that is supplied in run-time data table. Through parameterization only we can drive a transaction (action) with different sets of data. You know running the script with the same set of data several times is not suggestible, & it's also of no use.

16. What is the difference between Call to Action and Copy Action.?

Call to Action: The changes made in Call to Action, will be reflected in the original action (from where the script is called).But where as in Copy Action, the changes made in the script, will not affect the original script (Action)

17. Discuss QTP Environment.

QuickTest Pro environment using the graphical interface and Active Screen technologies - A testing process for creating test scripts, relating manual test requirements to automated verification features - Data driving to use several sets of data using one test script.

18. Explain the concept of how QTP identifies object.

During recording QTP looks at the object and stores it as test object. For each test object QT learns a set of default properties called mandatory properties, and look at the rest of the objects to check whether this properties are enough to uniquely identify the object. During test run, QT searches for the run time objects that match with the test object it learned while recording.

19. Differentiate the two Object Repository Types of QTP.

Object repository is used to store all the objects in the application being tested. 2 types of object repository per action and shared. In shared repository only one centralized repository for all the tests, where as in per action for each test a separate per action repository is created.

20. What the differences are and best practical application of each.

Per Action: For Each Action, one Object Repository is created. 
Shared: One Object Repository is used by entire application

21. Explain what the difference between Shared Repository and Per_Action Repository

Shared Repository: Entire application uses one Object Repository, that similar to Global GUI Map file in WinRunner 
Per Action: For each Action, one Object Repository is created, like GUI map file per test in WinRunner

22. Have you ever written a compiled module? If yes tell me about some of the functions that you wrote.

I used the functions for capturing the dynamic data during runtime. Function used for Capturing Desktop, browser and pages.

23. What projects have you used WinRunner on? Tell me about some of the challenges that arose and how you handled them.

PBS: WR fails to identify the object in GUI. If there is a non standard window object cannot recognize it, we use GUI SPY for that to handle such situation.

24. Can you do more than just capture and playback?

I have done dynamically capturing the objects during runtime in which no recording, no playback and no use of repository is done AT ALL. 
-It was done by the windows scripting using the DOM (Document Object Model) of the windows.

25. How to do the scripting. Are there any inbuilt functions in QTP as in QTP-S.? What is the difference between them? How to handle script issues?

Yes, there's an in-built functionality called "Step Generator" in Insert->Step->Step Generator -F7, which will generate the scripts as u enter the appropriate steps.

26. What is the difference between check point and output value.

I would like to add some stuff to Kalpana's comments. 
It is as follows:- 
An outPut value is a value captured during the test run and entered in the run-time but to a specified location. 
EX:-Location in Data Table [Global sheet / local sheet]

27. IF we use batch testing the result shown for last action only in that how can i get result for every action.

u can click on the icon in the tree view to view the result of every action.

28. How the exception handling can be done using QTP

It can be done using the Recovery Scenario Manager which provides a wizard that guides you through the process of defining a recovery scenario. FYI The wizard could be accessed in QTP> Tools-> Recovery Scenario Manager.......

29. How many types of Actions are there in QTP?

There are three kinds of actions: 
Non-reusable action—an action that can be called only in the test with which it is stored, and can be called only once. 
Reusable action—an action that can be called multiple times by the test with which it is stored (the local test) as well as by other tests. 
External action—a reusable action stored with another test. External actions are read-only in the calling test, but you can choose to use a local, editable copy of the Data Table information for the external action.

30. I want to open a Notepad window without recording a test and I do not want to use SystemUtil.Run command as well. How do I do this?

U can still make the notepad open without using the record or System utility script, just by mentioning the path of the notepad "( i.e., where the notepad.exe is stored in the system) in the "Windows Applications Tab" of the "Record and Run Settings window. Try it out.

1.    What are the Features & Benefits of Quick Test Pro (QTP 8.0)? - Operates stand-alone, or integrated into Mercury Business Process Testing and Mercury Quality Center. Introduces next-generation zero-configuration Keyword Driven testing technology in Quick Test Professional 8.0 allowing for fast test creation, easier maintenance, and more powerful data-driving capability. Identifies objects with Unique Smart Object Recognition, even if they change from build to build, enabling reliable unattended script execution. Collapses test documentation and test creation to a single step with Auto-documentation technology. Enables thorough validation of applications through a full complement of checkpoints.

2.    How to handle the exceptions using recovery scenario manager in QTP? - There are 4 trigger events during which a recovery scenario should be activated. A pop up window appears in an opened application during the test run: A property of an object changes its state or value, A step in the test does not run successfully, An open application fails during the test run, These triggers are considered as exceptions.You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occurred in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps: 1. Triggered Events 2. Recovery steps 3. Post Recovery Test-Run

3.    What is the use of Text output value in QTP? - Output values enable to view the values that the application talks during run time. When parameterized, the values change for each iteration. Thus by creating output values, we can capture the values that the application takes for each run and output them to the data table.

4.    How to use the Object spy in QTP 8.0 version? - There are two ways to Spy the objects in QTP: 1) Thru file toolbar, In the File Toolbar click on the last toolbar button (an icon showing a person with hat). 2) True Object repository Dialog, In Object repository dialog click on the button object spy. In the Object spy Dialog click on the button showing hand symbol. The pointer now changes in to a hand symbol and we have to point out the object to spy the state of the object if at all the object is not visible. or window is minimized then, hold the Ctrl button and activate the required window to and release the Ctrl button.

5.    How Does Run time data (Parameterization) is handled in QTP? - You can then enter test data into the Data Table, an integrated spreadsheet with the full functionality of Excel, to manipulate data sets and create multiple test iterations, without programming, to expand test case coverage. Data can be typed in or imported from databases, spreadsheets, or text files.

6.    What is keyword view and Expert view in QTP? - Quick Test’s Keyword Driven approach, test automation experts have full access to the underlying test and object properties, via an integrated scripting and debugging environment that is round-trip synchronized with the Keyword View. Advanced testers can view and edit their tests in the Expert View, which reveals the underlying industry-standard VBScript that Quick Test Professional automatically generates. Any changes made in the Expert View are automatically synchronized with the Keyword View.

7.    Explain about the Test Fusion Report of QTP? - Once a tester has run a test, a Test Fusion report displays all aspects of the test run: a high-level results overview, an expandable Tree View of the test specifying exactly where application failures occurred, the test data used, application screen shots for every step that highlight any discrepancies, and detailed explanations of each checkpoint pass and failure. By combining Test Fusion reports with Quick Test Professional, you can share reports across an entire QA and development team.

8.    Which environments does QTP support? - Quick Test Professional supports functional testing of all enterprise environments, including Windows, Web,..NET, Java/J2EE, SAP, Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Visual Basic, ActiveX, mainframe terminal emulators, and Web services.

9.    What is QTP? - Quick Test is a graphical interface record-playback automation tool. It is able to work with any web, java or windows client application. Quick Test enables you to test standard web objects and ActiveX controls. In addition to these environments, Quick Test Professional also enables you to test Java applets and applications and multimedia objects on Applications as well as standard Windows applications, Visual Basic 6 applications and.NET framework applications

10.  Explain QTP Testing process? - Quick Test testing process consists of 6 main phases:

11.  Create your test plan - Prior to automating there should be a detailed description of the test including the exact steps to follow, data to be input, and all items to be verified by the test. The verification information should include both data validations and existence or state verifications of objects in the application.

12.  Recording a session on your application - As you navigate through your application, Quick Test graphically displays each step you perform in the form of a collapsible icon-based test tree. A step is any user action that causes or makes a change in your site, such as clicking a link or image, or entering data in a form.

13.  Enhancing your test - Inserting checkpoints into your test lets you search for a specific value of a page, object or text string, which helps you identify whether or not your application is functioning correctly. NOTE: Checkpoints can be added to a test as you record it or after the fact via the Active Screen. It is much easier and faster to add the checkpoints during the recording process. Broadening the scope of your test by replacing fixed values with parameters lets you check how your application performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. Adding logic and conditional statements to your test enables you to add sophisticated checks to your test.

14.  Debugging your test - If changes were made to the script, you need to debug it to check that it operates smoothly and without interruption.

15.  Running your test on a new version of your application - You run a test to check the behavior of your application. While running, Quick Test connects to your application and performs each step in your test.

16.  Analyzing the test results - You examine the test results to pinpoint defects in your application.

17.  Reporting defects - As you encounter failures in the application when analyzing test results, you will create defect reports in Defect Reporting Tool.

18.  Explain the QTP Tool interface. - It contains the following key elements: Title bar, displaying the name of the currently open test, Menu bar, displaying menus of Quick Test commands, File toolbar, containing buttons to assist you in managing tests, Test toolbar, containing buttons used while creating and maintaining tests, Debug toolbar, containing buttons used while debugging tests. Note: The Debug toolbar is not displayed when you open Quick Test for the first time. You can display the Debug toolbar by choosing View — Toolbars — Debug. Action toolbar, containing buttons and a list of actions, enabling you to view the details of an individual action or the entire test flow. Note: The Action toolbar is not displayed when you open Quick Test for the first time. You can display the Action toolbar by choosing View — Toolbars — Action. If you insert a reusable or external action in a test, the Action toolbar is displayed automatically. Test pane, containing two tabs to view your test-the Tree View and the Expert View ,Test Details pane, containing the Active Screen. Data Table, containing two tabs, Global and Action, to assist you in parameterizing your test. Debug Viewer pane, containing three tabs to assist you in debugging your test-Watch Expressions, Variables, and Command. (The Debug Viewer pane can be opened only when a test run pauses at a breakpoint.) Status bar, displaying the status of the test

19.  How does QTP recognize Objects in AUT? - Quick Test stores the definitions for application objects in a file called the Object Repository. As you record your test, Quick Test will add an entry for each item you interact with. Each Object Repository entry will be identified by a logical name (determined automatically by Quick Test), and will contain a set of properties (type, name, etc) that uniquely identify each object. Each line in the Quick Test script will contain a reference to the object that you interacted with, a call to the appropriate method (set, click, check) and any parameters for that method (such as the value for a call to the set method). The references to objects in the script will all be identified by the logical name, rather than any physical, descriptive properties.

20.  What are the types of Object Repositories in QTP? - Quick Test has two types of object repositories for storing object information: shared object repositories and action object repositories. You can choose which type of object repository you want to use as the default type for new tests, and you can change the default as necessary for each new test. The object repository per-action mode is the default setting. In this mode, Quick Test automatically creates an object repository file for each action in your test so that you can create and run tests without creating, choosing, or modifying object repository files. However, if you do modify values in an action object repository, your changes do not have any effect on other actions. Therefore, if the same test object exists in more than one action and you modify an object’s property values in one action, you may need to make the same change in every action (and any test) containing the object.

21.  Explain the check points in QTP? - A checkpoint verifies that expected information is displayed in an Application while the test is running. You can add eight types of checkpoints to your test for standard web objects using QTP. A page checkpoint checks the characteristics of an Application. A text checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed in the appropriate place on an Application. An object checkpoint (Standard) checks the values of an object on an Application. An image checkpoint checks the values of an image on an Application. A table checkpoint checks information within a table on a Application. An Accessibilityy checkpoint checks the web page for Section 508 compliance. An XML checkpoint checks the contents of individual XML data files or XML documents that are part of your Web application. A database checkpoint checks the contents of databases accessed by your web site

22.  In how many ways we can add check points to an application using QTP? - We can add checkpoints while recording the application or we can add after recording is completed using Active screen (Note : To perform the second one The Active screen must be enabled while recording).

23.  How does QTP identify objects in the application? - QTP identifies the object in the application by Logical Name and Class.

24.  What is Parameterizing Tests? - When you test your application, you may want to check how it performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. For example, suppose you want to check how your application responds to ten separate sets of data. You could record ten separate tests, each with its own set of data. Alternatively, you can create a parameterized test that runs ten times: each time the test runs, it uses a different set of data.

25.  What is test object model in QTP? - The test object model is a large set of object types or classes that Quick Test uses to represent the objects in your application. Each test object class has a list of properties that can uniquely identify objects of that class and a set of relevant methods that Quick Test can record for it. A test object is an object that Quick Test creates in the test or component to represent the actual object in your application. Quick Test stores information about the object that will help it identify and check the object during the run session.

26.  What is Object Spy in QTP? - Using the Object Spy, you can view the properties of any object in an open application. You use the Object Spy pointer to point to an object. The Object Spy displays the selected object’s hierarchy tree and its properties and values in the Properties tab of the Object Spy dialog box.

27.  What is the Diff between Image check-point and Bit map Check point? - Image checkpoints enable you to check the properties of a Web image. You can check an area of a Web page or application as a bitmap. While creating a test or component, you specify the area you want to check by selecting an object. You can check an entire object or any area within an object. Quick Test captures the specified object as a bitmap, and inserts a checkpoint in the test or component. You can also choose to save only the selected area of the object with your test or component in order to save disk Space. For example, suppose you have a Web site that can display a map of a city the user specifies. The map has control keys for zooming. You can record the new map that is displayed after one click on the control key that zooms in the map. Using the bitmap checkpoint, you can check that the map zooms in correctly. You can create bitmap checkpoints for all supported testing environments (as long as the appropriate add-ins are loaded). Note: The results of bitmap checkpoints may be affected by factors such as operating system, screen resolution, and color settings.

28.  How many ways we can parameterize data in QTP? - There are four types of parameters: Test, action or component parameters enable you to use values passed from your test or component, or values from other actions in your test. Data Table parameters enable you to create a data-driven test (or action) that runs several times using the data you supply. In each repetition, or iteration, Quick Test uses a different value from the Data Table. Environment variable parameters enable you to use variable values from other sources during the run session. These may be values you supply, or values that Quick Test generates for you based on conditions and options you choose. Random number parameters enable you to insert random numbers as values in your test or component. For example, to check how your application handles small and large ticket orders, you can have Quick Test generate a random number and insert it in a number of tickets edit field.

29.  How do u do batch testing in WR & is it possible to do in QTP, if so explain? - Batch Testing in WR is nothing but running the whole test set by selecting Run Test set from the Execution Grid. The same is possible with QTP also. If our test cases are automated then by selecting Run Test set all the test scripts can be executed. In this process the Scripts get executed one by one by keeping all the remaining scripts in Waiting mode.

30.  If I give some thousand tests to execute in 2 days what do u do? - Adhoc testing is done. It Covers the least basic functionalities to verify that the system is working fine.

31.  What does it mean when a check point is in red color? what do u do? - A red color indicates failure. Here we analyze the cause for failure whether it is a Script Issue or Environment Issue or a Application issue.

32.  What is Object Spy in QTP? - Using the Object Spy, you can view the properties of any object in an open application. You use the Object Spy pointer to point to an object. The Object Spy displays the selected object’s hierarchy tree and its properties and values in the Properties tab of the Object Spy dialog box.

33.  What is the file extension of the code file & object repository file in QTP? - Code file extension is.vbs and object repository is.tsr

34.  Explain the concept of object repository & how QTP recognizes objects? - Object Repository: displays a tree of all objects in the current component or in the current action or entire test (depending on the object repository mode you selected). We can view or modify the test object description of any test object in the repository or to add new objects to the repository. Quicktest learns the default property values and determines in which test object class it fits. If it is not enough it adds assistive properties, one by one to the description until it has compiled the unique description. If no assistive properties are available, then it adds a special Ordinal identifier such as objects location on the page or in the source code.

35.  What are the properties you would use for identifying a browser & page when using descriptive programming? - Name would be another property apart from title that we can use.

36.  Give me an example where you have used a COM interface in your QTP project? - com interface appears in the scenario of front end and back end. for eg:if you r using oracle as back end and front end as VB or any language then for better compatibility we will go for an interface. of which COM will be one among those interfaces. Create object creates handle to the instance of the specified object so that we program can use the methods on the specified object. It is used for implementing Automation(as defined by Microsoft).

37.  Explain in brief about the QTP Automation Object Model. - Essentially all configuration and run functionality provided via the Quick Test interface is in some way represented in the Quick Test automation object model via objects, methods, and properties. Although a one-on-one comparison cannot always be made, most dialog boxes in Quick Test have a corresponding automation object, most options in dialog boxes can be set and/or retrieved using the corresponding object property, and most menu commands and other operations have corresponding automation methods. You can use the objects, methods, and properties exposed by the Quick Test automation object model, along with standard programming elements such as loops and conditional statements to design your program.